Implementation of E-Invoicing and Cost Allocation by Cost Centers and Cost Objects in a Company

The diploma thesis addresses the implementation of electronic invoicing and cost accounting by cost units and cost centers in a company, with a focus on the impact of accounting digitalization on efficiency, transparency, and cost control.

In today’s dynamic business environment, companies are increasingly facing the challenges of digital transformation, where accounting plays a key role by providing timely, accurate, and reliable information for management decision-making. Special emphasis is placed on e-invoices as a modern form of business documentation that replaces paper invoices and enables automated processing, posting, and archiving.

The theoretical part of the thesis presents the concept of digitalization in companies, the legal framework in the field of accounting, value-added tax, and electronic business operations. It analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, and challenges of digitalization, particularly regarding its impact on business partners, information security, and the adaptation of internal business processes.

Special attention is given to electronic invoices, their importance, content, structure, and transmission to accounting software, as well as the legal requirements that companies must comply with when using them.

The empirical part of the thesis is based on a case study of the company Pomgrad d. d., which operates in the construction industry – a sector characterized by specific accounting requirements. The thesis examines construction-specific accounting features, such as accruals and deferrals of revenues and expenses, long-term projects, and the application of the reverse charge mechanism for VAT.

A key focus is placed on the introduction of referencing purchase orders and contracts on received invoices, as accurate invoice data is essential for proper allocation of costs to the correct cost units and cost centers. The analysis shows that missing or incomplete references to purchase orders or contracts often result in incorrect cost allocation and reduced transparency of financial information.

The results of the research confirm that the implementation of e-invoices significantly reduces administrative workload, printing, copying, and archiving costs, while also enabling faster and more accurate invoice processing. Furthermore, digitalization improves the traceability of business transactions and provides better insight into project-related costs.

The thesis concludes that the digitalization of accounting processes, supported by appropriate information systems and compliance with legislation, represents an important step towards greater efficiency, transparency, and competitiveness of the company.